Compression Ratio
Take a look at the chart I wrote at http://www.macdizzy.com/compress.htm It should answer a lot of questions you have about compression. When taking altitude into account one must use other instruments to accurately determine the air quality. For a rule of thumb you could say that for every 1000 feet of elevation you would lose about 6 to 8 psi on a pressure gauge - that is if the air quality is the same. What's really needed is a RAD gauge - Relative Air Density equipment.
If you really want to find out about air quality, talk to a pilot of a small aircraft. Not only will he/she tell you of how leaning the fuel mixture is necessary at elevated altitude they'll also tell you how the amount of lift the wings provide deteriorates as well. Talk about a double whammy. Losing power AND losing lift - not a good thing when airborne.
As far as the compression ratio - it remains the same whether you're at sea level or at 10,000 ft above that. Several factors affect it - heat, humidity and altitude, but it's a static geometric relation. The amount of air that's packed within that geometry is what changes.
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